How to Perform a Web Application Penetration Test: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introduction:
Web applications are among the most common targets for cyberattacks. Ethical hackers must perform web application penetration testing to identify weaknesses before they can be exploited. This guide outlines a structured approach to conducting a web app penetration test.

Step 1: Information Gathering
Begin by gathering information about the web application using OSINT and scanning tools like Google Dorking or Burp Suite. Collect information on the application’s version, technologies used, and any known vulnerabilities.

Step 2: Scanning for Vulnerabilities
Use automated vulnerability scanners like Nessus or Acunetix to identify issues like SQL injection, XSS, or weak authentication mechanisms. Pay attention to error messages, input fields, and exposed URLs.

Step 3: Manual Testing
After automated scans, manually test for vulnerabilities that automated tools may miss. This includes testing input fields for SQL injection and exploring potential issues with session management.

Step 4: Exploiting Vulnerabilities
With tools like Metasploit or Burp Suite, ethical hackers can attempt to exploit found vulnerabilities. This allows them to demonstrate the impact of an attack and how it could compromise the system.

Step 5: Reporting Findings
Ethical hackers must document their findings and recommend mitigation strategies. A well-structured report should include vulnerability details, proof of concept, and suggested fixes.